Q. What is the difference between LNG and CNG
A. Natural gas can be supplied and contained on the vehicle in one of two states:
- Compressed natural gas — CNG
- Liquefied natural gas — LNG
CNG
Compressed natural gas is usually gas with is taken from the national supply grid (at relatively low pressure) and compressed to 200 to 250 bar (200 to 250 times atmospheric pressure — 3000 to 3500 psi) by a gas compressor. The gas is still in a gaseous state, but held at these high pressures and contained in a strong, safe and certified pressure vessel; either a storage tank or an on-board fuel tank.
As the gas is compressed, it picks up oil and contaminants from the lubrication within the compressor. Therefore, this contamination must be reduced as, over time, it can deposit within the injection system, forming hard “lacquers” which affect the performance of the injectors, or lead to failure. Clean Air Power produces gas filters which remove most of this contaminant. It is recommended that filtration is used to protect and extend the life of the injection system. This is no different from the filtration requirements of diesel and gasoline in traditional applications.
LNG
The most efficient way to transport gas over distances exceeding approximately 3000km is by ship in a liquefied state. Hence, a significant and growing proportion of imported gas is coming via LNG tanker vessels. This is part of a growing global energy economy and represents a safe and secure supply of natural gas from multiple, abundant sources throughout the world
Natural gas, which is mainly methane, is a liquid at minus 162 degrees centigrade. Therefore, a liquefaction plant refrigerates natural gas down to this temperature, whereupon it liquefies. As it cools, heavier hydrocarbons and impurities liquefy earlier and can be taken off, leaving a pure, clean methane-rich LNG at the end of the process. The resulting LNG is stored or transported in insulated or cryogenic refrigerated containers to the end users. This LNG can be either vaporised and fed into the national grid network, or transported as LNG to other users, such as road transport, where it is an ideal road fuel.
As a liquid, LNG has over twice the energy density of CNG and can therefore provide increased vehicle range for a given stored volume.
LNG is a very “dry” and “clean” gas, containing very little oil content. All pintle-type gas injectors require a certain amount of oil content to lubricate the injector seat metal-to-metal contact to avoid catastrophic wear. Hence, almost all injectors that operate well on CNG, fail due to accelerated wear when operated on LNG. Due to the unique and patented design of Clean Air Power’s gas injectors, both CNG and LNG source gas can be used. Most of Clean Air Power’s 1,600 in-field vehicles operate on LNG, using these injectors.
Clean Air Power vehicles can store LNG or CNG. The choice of fuel depends on the customer’s requirements or preferences. As part of the customer support process, Clean Air Power is happy to advise and assist customers in their selection of the most appropriate gas storage medium. Please contact us using the standard enquiry form:
On Dual-Fuelâ„¢ vehicles, CNG or LNG is heated and regulated so that a controlled flow of gas at a pressure of approximately 6 bar is fed to the gas injection system. The Dual-Fuelâ„¢ system itself operates fine on either gas medium.