Minimum speed on motorways

Snudger:
I don’t understand how a minimum speed can be maintained on a motorway when e.g. traffic in all lanes is stationary.

I can see no reason why a minimum speed limit is applicable, let alone enforceable, when it is impossible to maintain the minimum speed safely in a particular lane.

I’ve checked some legal databases and cannot find any judicial authority on minimum speed limits. The law of England and Wales is built on the doctrine of precedent - the courts stand by previous decisions unless the facts differ, there was an error in the previous decision or two authorities conflict. If this was not followed, there would be much less certainty about what the law is, so people would be unsure whether or not they were committing an offence.

The lack of authority on minimum speed limits is not surprising, as there are so few minimum limits. There appears to be no express exception in the relevant law, Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 section 88(1)(b), for circumstances where it is impossible or unsafe to maintain the minimum speed in the prevailing traffic conditions.

However, the law is subject to the principles of statutory interpretation, which offer various alternative approaches to taking the law literally when it is appropriate to do so. The so-called golden rule would seem particularly appropriate here - under this approach, the law is interpreted in such a way that avoids an ‘inconsistency, or an absurdity or inconvenience so great’ to justify ‘other signification, which, though less proper, is one which the Court thinks the words will bear’ (River Wear Commissioners v Adamson). It would be absurd to require someone to travel at an unsafe speed merely because there is a minimum speed limit.

As with all legal arguments, there are two opposed views - it either is or isn’t an offence to drive below a minimum speed limit when it is unsafe or impossible to maintain a minimum speed. The law isn’t certain unless a court rules on this point, though I believe it is likely not to be an offence as I have explained.

In practice, I cannot see anyone being charged with failing to observe a minimum speed limit if it was unsafe to travel at that speed, bearing in mind how unlikely a conviction would be. If a person was charged, I would expect the CPS not to proceed with the case, as it fails both limbs of their test to proceed, with a conviction being unlikely and proceeding is clearly not in the public interest.

Before anyone checks, I know s.88 RTRA 1984 is about temporary speed limits. In practice, exceptions from general speed limits are imposed under s.88 temporarily before the temporary order is made indefinite. Indeed, the 70 motorway / 60 dual carriageway / 50 single carriageway national speed limits were initially imposed by a temporary order which was subsequently made indefinite.

Snudger:
As for the woman in the BBC link, she was banned from driving for 7 days and yet had to take another driving test. How was she allowed to drive again when she was clearly an accident in waiting, with little chance of passing a test? Someone at work was behind her once, and as well as the signs in the rear of her car, he mentioned that if he got within a few car lengths of her she would keep braking to force him to maintain a ridiculously larger than normal distance between them.

It looks as if she did pass her retest - A&M School of Motoring’s graduate page shows “Stephanie Cole, Brislington Driving Test Centre, 11th February 2008”. She would have had to drive without undue hesitation to pass this test.

Clearly she was unfit to be on the road in the state she drove on the M32 in 2007. Any driver who is so scared they can only maintain 10mph on a motorway and is under medical treatment for fear of driving is a hazard to themselves and to others. It sounds from Snudger’s description as if she was so scared that she kept taking inappropriate evasive action, forcing others to give her inappropriately large room.

A sympathetic driving instructor can do so much for drivers who are scared of particular road types or conditions. This has been seen on television programmes such as Channel 5’s Dangerous Drivers School. When the driver is matched with an instructor who understands their fears and the driver is willing to accept instruction, the changes in the driver’s driving ability and comfort levels can be remarkable. Hopefully this is what happened to Ms Cole.

I understand the desire to retain a driving licence when you have limited mobility. I have health problems that limit my mobility and know what a difference my licence makes to me, but I recognise too that I have a responsibility to everyone else on the roads. If I was advised by my doctors to stop driving, I would immediately surrender my licence to DVLA and stop driving.

After extensive investigation last year, I was allowed to keep an unrestricted pre-1997 car licence. I had been warned to expect a limited period licence and/or removal of C1 / C1E / D1 / D1E, but I kept all my categories with 10 year validity. I wish now that I’d applied for provisional C and D entitlement as part of this process, to test whether DVLA would allow me to hold vocational entitlement. I so want to have a go at category C and believe my neurologist would write a report saying that, in his opinion, I meet the vocational driving requirements as my condition does not interfere in any way with my ability to control a vehicle.

Maybe I should have a word with my neurologist when I see him later this month, though the last thing I want to do is approach DVLA again only to find that I finish up with a more restricted licence than I currently have.

Excellent post djw and by the sound of it I hope you will be around to clarify more specific legal matters which crop up on here from time to time as I am quite interested in some of the legal niceties of driving at the mo, but I’m no expert! I must admit I had no sympathy for Mrs Cole till now as I know how important it is for some people to have their car to preserve their independence etc. but thought her a total liability. I was annoyed at just the thought of such incompetence being allowed out on the roads, though no doubt she has a perfect safety record. As for her passing her test, fair play! I would never have thought that possible. And fair play to you djw for tracking down that fact of her passing (not in an American way), assuming it’s the same person, unless you have some inside knowledge, as I imagine typing her name into google will produce a lot of results relating to a certain more famous individual or am I imagining an English actress?

P.S. There is of course a (10 MPH is it?) minimum speed limit sign at the portals of the Blackwall tunnel.

Oh and all the best with your “tribulations”.

P.P.S. Wheel Nut, I don’t suppose those signs will be up for long.

Snudger:
Excellent post djw and by the sound of it I hope you will be around to clarify more specific legal matters which crop up on here from time to time as I am quite interested in some of the legal niceties of driving at the mo, but I’m no expert!

I’m just a mere law student, but I do my best.

Law is fascinating when you understand it. The biggest difficulty for the lay person is that the law is more than the words of printed legislation. In the UK common law system, the law is developed in the courts and researching case law is very difficult unless you have access to a law library (or, these days, the online equivalent) and the skills to use it. You then need the background knowledge on how the legal system works so that you can interpret and draw conclusions from the information you have.

Law has a bad reputation amongst the lay person because it doesn’t always follow natural reasoning in its quest to deliver just results. It is drummed into those on my degree course that all legal situations have two sides, and each has its merits. The criminal law aims to punish wrongdoers, but the standard of proof (‘beyond reasonable doubt’) aims to ensure that the innocent are not convicted. Discretion is always a sticky subject when it comes to law, as excessive discretion can mean the law is not equally applied - but it must be remembered that the aim of road traffic law is ultimately safety.

The more I understand of the law, the more I am in admiration of how it works - though, of course, it doesn’t always work properly.

Snudger:
I must admit I had no sympathy for Mrs Cole till now as I know how important it is for some people to have their car to preserve their independence etc. but thought her a total liability. I was annoyed at just the thought of such incompetence being allowed out on the roads, though no doubt she has a perfect safety record. As for her passing her test, fair play! I would never have thought that possible. And fair play to you djw for tracking down that fact of her passing (not in an American way), assuming it’s the same person, unless you have some inside knowledge, as I imagine typing her name into google will produce a lot of results relating to a certain more famous individual or am I imagining an English actress?

I have no inside knowledge - I found that driving instructor’s web page using Google with carefully chosen terms. It would be a huge coincidence if someone with the correct name passed their test in Bristol some six weeks after Ms Cole’s conviction and it was a different Stephanie Cole.

It is sad that it came to Ms Cole being convicted. Anyone who feels unsure behind the wheel should seek out a sympathetic driving instructor rather than making excuses - or should limit their driving to circumstances where they feel safe enough to keep up with the prevailing traffic. That said, traffic conditions are so busy now that there is very limited space for the less confident driver.

Unfortunately, there is no easy way to get those who are no longer safe behind the wheel to surrender their licenses and stop driving, not least as the unfit driver will often fail to perceive they are a hazard on the roads. In many areas, losing the ability to drive has a devastating effect on independence and quality of life. If people think their GPs are going to report them to DVLA, they will try to hide their problems from their doctors or will deny they are still driving.

Around 10% of drivers have no licence - though I’m not sure what proportion of these unlicensed drivers are older drivers or drivers with health problems.

Snudger:
P.S. There is of course a (10 MPH is it?) minimum speed limit sign at the portals of the Blackwall tunnel.

Indeed. Unfortunately, speed limits tend to be imposed using powers delegated to local authorities and other bodies such as tunnel authorities. These kind of local orders are not in any central database. I tried finding an example of a minimum speed limit order on probably the largest legal database and unsurprisingly drew a blank.

Snudger:
Oh and all the best with your “tribulations”.

Thanks. I’ve got exams in a fortnight and I’ve spent the past week laid up ill - not ideal! I have lots of work to do, but my brain is not in the right place to concentrate at present.

Snudger:
P.P.S. Wheel Nut, I don’t suppose those signs will be up for long.

Indeed not - and I would opine they are of no legal force anyway, as there is no order imposing a minimum speed limit on that road. If anyone has any contact with the developer or relevant local authority, it would be worth mentioning the problem. I would be surprised if the local authority would adopt the road with incorrect signage in place.