Evening all,
Three, to me, really rather personal posts from Pete Smith, and Chris Arbon, thank you both for taking the trouble and time to put these up, they are greatly appreciated.
May I comment on them, and perhaps take them" out of order".
Chris`s post on Triple Crown, (the three Crowns being, road, rail, road), a truly unique system that was originally the brain child of North America Van Lines. They needed a rail partner to make the concept work, and they chose Norfolk and Southern Rail Lines, ( now I think they are known as Conrail, N&S). Norfolk and Southern quickly realised the potential of the concept, and purchased the operation in 1986.
The concept was based on a Hub and Spoke system. The Hub became Fort Wayne Indiana, (the Norfolk and Southern base), and the initial outposts being, (in 1986), Detroit, and Saint Louis, joined in 1988 by Chicago and Atlanta. By the end of the 80s you had a network linking, (in no order), Dallas, (where I got to know them), Kansas City, Jackson, Atlanta, St Louis, Hamburg, Bethlehem, Detroit, Mineappolis, Chicago, and right into Canada, Toronto.
The concept involved the semi trailers collecting freight within a 300 mile radius of the rail head. On delivery to the rail head the trailers would be assembled into trains of between 100, and 120 units, which were shipped to Fort Wayne, where separate trains were assembled for each destination…a complex operation…but it worked.
The equipment, and the rationale:
The idea was to be simple, easy to use, and minimum disruption of the customers product.
The van semi trailers were all manufactured by Wabash, (as were the rail bogies). The trailer, with a tandem air suspended bogie, was conventional 53 ft, long, 102 ins outside width, with a 36 in king pin position. Overall height , (given a 47 in 5th wheel), was at 13ft 6in. (Remember the USAs loading gauge at 15ft 6 in).
Wabash manufactured its trailers to the rail loading of 200 tons compression, yet still managed to produce a trailer completely highway compatable with only a 6/800 lbs weight penalty, (dry freight/refrigerated options).
The Rail Coupler, which looked very like an arrowhead protruding from the front rave of the semi trailer, extended 22 ins, but under Federal Laws was totally excluded from the overall length calculation.
Haulage was in the main by dedicated owner operators , or small hauliers. The tractor must have a fuelled weight of under a maximum of 18500 lbs, be tandem drive, and be equipped with a fifth wheel with a 12 in forward/ rearward slide capability. From memory the package available to the contract hauler was compatable in basic terms with the industry norm, (perhaps a little better than Schneider, or Werner),and on a par with Bekins. The advantage was that preference was given to low net weight, and many day cabs were operated, as highway hauls were modest, and a degree of end user/owner driver compatability was encouraged.
How did it work?
The tractor drops the semi in the depot, (say Dallas), and goes to pick up another loaded trailer for delivery. There are no trains to load onto! The Wabash rail bogies are stacked away from the rails. A fork lift puts the bogie on the rails, a dock spotter (type), loader connects to the semi van, and reverses it onto the bogie, with the vans air suspension raised. The rear underrun bar folds up 90 degrees, securing the vans doors, then the air suspension is deflated, the van rests on the king pin on the rail bogie, which lifts the road wheels clear of the rails. That bogie, and van are then reversed into the front of another similarly connected semi, the protruding "arrowhead coupling drives into the connecting slot on the rear of the semi, (leaving a gap of only 12 ins between the connected trailers…see Chris`s photographs)…a major selling point for the service as there is literally no room to break into the trailer rear doors…and so on until you have 100 plus semis connected together…
But the other real advantage to the shipper…because the vans are connected so rigidly, there is no coupling back lash. Literally as those Triple Crown Trains moved, they moved as one, no clanking, banging, just smooth, and of course just like a well driven lorry, no damage to the shippers goods!!! The train, because it only has rail bogies, and not rail cars with semi`s loaded on them, is considerably lighter, and therefore needs a lower horsepower, and more economic engine to move 100 plus units…good selling point…less emissions…which when I was there was a big selling point!
I remember their first clients being Chrysler, and Ford, then Heinz, and Miller Beer, and eventually as I was coming back to Europe, I think that Schneider were using them for their long hauls. My Mack colleagues were trying very hard to get an exclusive deal for the ultra light 11 litre, with a short cab for Norfolk and Southern to lease to their contract hauliers, as they could offer 300 hp at 16000 lbs ready to go! …Makes a big Iveco look a tad portly does it not?
Triple Crown must have become under pressure in the late 2000s as rail capacity decreased, as a consequence of increased utilisation, particularly against double stack container trains, but it brought back some particularly happy memories for me seeing those pictures of a typical Triple Crown train…thank you Chris…(and they were nice people as I recall)
Cheerio for now.